Arc-lamp.



G. M. LITTLE.

ARC LAMP.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 6, 1907.

964,664, Patented July 19, 1910.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

WITNESSES;

@MO 5. x

G. M. LITTLE.

ARC LAMP.

APPLIGATION FILED MAY a, 1907.

Patented July 19,1910.

2 BHEETSSHEET 2.

- INVENTOR ATTORNEY WITNESSES} I UNITED sra'rns PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE M. LITTLE, OF PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO WESTINGHOUSEELECTRIC & MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

ARC-LAMP.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 19, 1910.

Application filed May 6, 1807. Serial No. 372,178.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Gnonon M. LITTLE, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of Pittsburg, in the county of Allegheny and State ofPennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Arc-Lamps,of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to are lamps, and particularly to such lamps asembody composition electrodes from which vapors or fumes are emittedthat become incandescent in the arc and enhance the luminosity thereof.

The object of my invention is to so construct and arrange the parts of alamp of the character indicated that the light may not be undulyobstructed or the most efiective distribution thereof interfered with,and so that trimming, cleaning and repairing of the lamp may be doneconveniently and ex peditiously.

A further object of the invention is to so provide for the ventilationof lamps of the character indicated that reflectors may be employed toobtain a desired or effective distribution of the light.

hen composition electrodes containing other materials than carbon areemployed in are lamps for the purpose of increasing the luminosity ofthe arc and improving the quality of the light, fumes and vapors areusually emitted at the arc which, unless properly disposed of, maydeposit and condense upon the parts of the lamp so as to obstruct moreor less of the light and otherwise interfere with the successfuloperation of the lamp. For this reason, it is very desirable and quiteessential that the lamp be so constructed that a continuous draft of airwill be directed through it for the purpose of conveying the fumes andvapors to the exterior, and, further, so that such deposits as form inspite of these precautions may be readily removed. The present inventionfacilitates and insures the passage of air into the lamp and permits theuse of a reflector for obtaining a desired or the most effectivedistribution of the light, the incoming drafts of clean air beingdirected over the surface of the reflector to prevent the fume andvapor-laden atmosphere from coming into contact therewith.

Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings is a view, partially in elevationand partially in section, of a lamp that embodies my invention. Fi 2 isa face view of one of the deflectors upon the exterior of the lamp, andFig. 8 is a view, partially in perspective and partially in section, ofsome of the parts of the lamp shown in Fig. 1.

The lamp is provided with a casing the main cylindrical member 1 ofwhich has a plurality of screened apertures 2 near its lower end.Secured to the lower end of the member 1 is a slightly flared annularsheet metal piece 3, extending upwardly from the outer edge of which isa frusto-conical sheet metal ring 4 that oins the main member 1 abovethe apertures 2. The ring 4 is provided with a plurality of apertures 5,the walls of the apertures being bent inwardly. Extending across theapertures 5 are sets of angula-rly disposed vanes 6 and 7 that serve todirect drafts of air into the lamp regardless of the direction of thewind, the inwardly projecting walls of the intake apertures 5 being ofmaterial assistance in effecting this result. By reason of the peculiarconstruction and arrangement of these parts, snow and water areprevented from entering the casing through the apertures 2 and aredrained off through small apertures 46 that are provided in the ring 1adjacent to the part 3.

The lower and outer edges of the members 3 and 1 fit against a ledge atthe upper edge of an annular partition 8, to the lower edge of which isclamped a transparent globe 9 that provides an arc chamber below thepartition. Supporting the partition 8 and extending upwardly through thelamp from the opening therein and communicating with the exteriorthrough openings 10 in the top of the lamp, is a flue or chimney 11, thelower end of which is enlarged and flared to assist in collecting thefumes and vapors that are given off at the arc.

The partition 8 is provided, near its inner edge, with a plurality ofapertures 12 through. which air, that is taken into the lamp through theapertures 5 and 2 is admitted to the arc chamber. Secured to the lowerface of the partition 8, with its inner edge just outside of theapertures 12, is a concave reflector 13 the surface of which is keptclean by drafts of air which are ad mitted into the arc chamber throughthe apertures 12 and are guided by means of an annular deflector 1d atthe lower end of the chimney 11. The drafts of clean air which areadmitted and deflected as stated, serve to prevent the fume andvapor-laden atmosphere within the arc chamber from coming into contactwith and soiling or dimming the surface of the reflector.

Extending upwardly into the chimney 11, and also into a guide tube 15within the chimney, is a composition electrode 16 containing themagnetic oxid of iron, chromium oxid and titanium oxid, or some othercompound of titanium, though other compositions may be employed, ifdesired. The electrode 16 is supported by means of a ring clutch 17thatis pivoted to an actuating rod 18 and engages a seat 19 when feedingof the electrode becomes necessary.

Extending across and secured within the lower flared end of the chimney11 is a box 20 having apertures 21 in its ends that communicate withcorresponding apertures in the sides of the chimney. The guide tube 15projects through the upper side of and into the box 20, and theelectrode 16 extends entirely through the box, an aperture 22 somewhatlarger than the electrode being provided in the lower side thereof.

In the operation of the lamp, air is first taken into the intake chamberthrough the apertures 5 and 2, and from there it passes into the box 20through the apertures 21 and out through the aperture at 22, around thelower end of the electrode and into the arc chamber, where the draftsare reversed and directed upwardly into the chimney at the sides of thebox 20 and conveyed to the exterior of the lamp. i-rir is also admittedfrom the intake chamber into the arc chamher through the apertures at12, as before described, and maintains the surface of the reflector 13clean. Since all of the air that enters the arc chamber through theapertures 12 and 22 is taken from the intake chamber, a substantiallyuniform distribution of the drafts within the arc chamber is maintainedregardless of the wind pressure upon the exterior of the lamp, or otheratmospheric conditions, and the operation of the lamp accordinglyremains uniform and undisturbed by external conditions. This resultwould not be satisfactorily obtained if the air that enters the arcchamber through the apertures 12 and 22, respectively, came fromdifferent sources, because the two streams of entering air would almostinvariably be at dilferent pressures, which would cause non-uniformityof distribution thereof within the arc chamber. The dimensions of thelower flared end of the chimney 11 are such as to insure the directionof all, or of substantially all, the fumes and vapors emitted by the areupwardly thereinto, so that the parts within the arc chamber aremaintained substantially free from deposits.

The walls of the apertures 5 have been bent inwardly because I havefound by experiment that when a blast of air is directed upon a casinghaving apertures of this character, drafts substantially invariably passthrough the apertures into the casing, regardless of the direction ofthe blast, where as, if the walls are not bent inwardly, there may bedrafts either into or out of the casing depending upon the direction ofthe blast. The crossed vanes 6 and T are provided over the apertures inorder to further insure the direction of drafts inwardly when the windblows upon the casing. is a result of this structure and arrangement ofthe parts it is reliably insured that drafts will be directed onlyinwardly through the apertures 5, which is essential to the mostsuccessful operation of the lamp.

Depending, butinsulated, from the partition 8 is a curved bracket Qet,having a rod 25 s cured to its lower free end upon which is pivotallymounted an angular holder 26 for an electrode 27 that is preferablycomposed of copper or iron, sulistantially as set forth in anapplication, Serial X0. 316, 2-31, filed by me May 10, 1906. Theelectrode 27 may be constructed and supported as set forth in anotherapplication, Serial No. 372,177, filed by me of even date herewith, ifdesired. By reason of the form of the holder 96 and the character of itssupport, the metallic electrode 27 may be moved out of alinement withthe composition electrode 16 in order to permitof insertion of thelatter into the lamp and remo *al thereof, the holder 96 being clampedin position, when the electrodes are in exact alinement, by means of athumb-screw 28. In order that it may be readily known when theelectrodes are in exact alinement, the bracket 21 is provided with asmall boss or lug 29 that fits into a corresponding recess in the holder26 when such relation exists.

For the purpose of catching materials that may, at times, becomedetached from the electrodes and other parts of the lamp, and to preventthem from being deposited upon the globe 9 and cracking the same, asmight occur if the deposits are heated, a pan or tray 30, composed ofwired glass or other suitable material, may be pivotally attached at oneside to the lower end of the rod the other side of the tray beingsupported by the globe 9, or otherwise. I make no claim to this featureas a part of my invention, however.

I claim as my invention:

1. The combination with a casing having an aperture the walls of whichare flared inwardly, of angularly disposed vanes located upon theexterior of the casing and extend ing across the aperture.

2. The combination with a casing having an aperture the walls of whichare flared in wardly, of vanes located upon the exterior of the casingand extending across the aperture.

3. The combination with a casing having an aperture the walls of whichare flared inwardly, of means for directing drafts of air into thecasing through the aperture.

L. A sheet metal are lamp casing having one or more intake sideapertures, the portions of the casing adjacent to the apertures beingbent to project inwardly and to flare outwardly.

5. In an arc lamp, the combination with an arc chamber, an electrodeprojecting into the chamber and a reflector surrounding said electrode,of an intake chamber having communication with the arc chamber adjacentto the said electrode and having inlet apertures adjacent to saidreflector, and means for deflecting the air from said inlet aperturesoutwardly over the surface of said re- Hector.

6. In an arc lamp, the combination with a caslng contamlng an mtakechamber and an arc chamber below the intake chamber,

GEORGE M. LITTLE.

Witnesses Orro S. SCHAIRER, BENEY HINES.

